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Oxford Current English Translation ( Ex 212-213 ) Solution

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Oxford Current English Translation ( Ex 212-213 ) Solution



Forms of Subjects Exercise 212 & 213 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation book by R.k Sinha.

Relative Clauses :
इन वाक्यों के अनुवाद को समझें :
जो लड़का खेल रहा है वह मेरा भाई है ।
The boy who is playing is my brother.
जो लड़कें खेल रहे है वे मेरे दोस्त हैं ।
The boys who are playing are my friends.
जो लड़का चोरी करता है वह सजा पाता है ।
The boy who steals gets punishment.
जो कठिन परिश्रम करता है वह सफलता पाता है ।
One who works hard gets success.
जो कठिन परिश्रम करते हैं वें सफलता पाते हैं ।
Those who work hard get success.
ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में ” Who is playing “ और ” Who are playing” इत्यादि Relative Clauses हैं । और Who relative pronoun है । जो clause का Subject है। और इसका प्रयोग persons/animals के लिए हुआ है । Who के बदले that भी दे सकते हैं, परंतु who का प्रयोग ज्यादा होता है ।
निर्जीव पदार्थों के लिए Relative clause में which/that का प्रयोग subject के रूप में किया जाता है । जैसे
जो पुस्तक टेबुल पर है वह मेरी है ।
The book that/which is on the table are yours.
जो पुस्तकें टेबुल पर हैं वे तुम्हारी हैं ।
The books that/which are on the table are yours.
Note : मात्र “जो” रहने पर One/those का प्रयोग होता है । यह ध्यान देना पड़ता है कि “जो” का प्रयोग singular अर्थ मे हुआ है या plural अर्थ में ।। Singular अर्थ के लिए One और plural अर्थ के लिए those का प्रयोग होता है । और वह/वे की अंग्रेजी लुप्त हो जाती है ।

Exercise 212 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation book by R.k Sinha.

Translate Hindi Into English
जो बच्चा दौड़ रहा है वह मेरा बेटा है ।
The child who is running is my son.
जो बच्चें खेल रहे हैं वे मेरे बेटें हैं ।
The children who are playing are my sons.
जो गाय काली है वह मेरी है ।
The cow who is black is mine.
जो गायें काली है वह मेरी हैं ।
The cows who are black are mine.
जो पुस्तक लाल है वह उनलोगों की है ।
The book which is red is theirs.
जो पुस्तकें काली हैं वे उसकी हैं ।
The books which are black are his/hers.
जो लड़का कल नहीं आया वह आज आया है ।
The boy who didn’t come yesterday has come today.
जो लड़कें मैदान में दौड़ रहे थे वे मेरे दोस्त थें ।
The boys who were running in the garden were my friends.
जो लड़कें झूठ बोलते हैं वे सजा पाते हैं ।
The boys who tell a lie get punishment.
जो लड़का झूठ बोलता है वह सजा पाता है ।
The boy who tells a lie gets punishment.
जो कुत्ता भूँकता है वह नहीं काटता ।
The dog who barks doesn’t bite.
जो ईमानदार होते हैं वे सम्मान पाते हैं ।
Those who are honest get respect.
जो कठिन परिश्रम करते हैं वे सफलता पाते हैं ।
Those who work hard get success.
जो अंग्रेजी जानतें हैं वे इज्ज़त पाते हैं ।
Those who know english get respect.
जो वहाँ जाता है वह भगवान का आशीर्वाद पाता है ।
One who goes there gets the blessings of God.
जो हरिद्वार जाते हैं वे शांति महसूस करते हैं ।
Those who go to haridwar feel peace.
जो इस पुस्तक को पढता है वह ज्ञान पाता है ।
One who reads this book gets knowledge.
जो पढ रहे हैं वे पास कर जाएंगे ।
Those who are studying will pass.
जो पुस्तक वहाँ है वह अच्छी है ।
The book which is there is good.
जो मकान पुराना था वह मेरा था ।
The house which was old was mine.
जो मेरे जेब में है वह बहुत कीमती है ।
One which is in my pocket is very costly.
अब इस वाक्य के अनुवाद को देखें और समझे 
जिस लड़के से मैं कल मिला था वह आज आया है ।
The boy whom I met yesterday has come today.
The boy who I met yesterday has come today.
The boy that I met yesterday has come today.
इन वाक्यों मे Relative Clauses को bold type में दर्शाया गया है ।।। इनमें Relative Pronoun whom, who और that का प्रयोग है । और ये relative clauses के verbs के object के रूप में आए हैं। ध्यान दें कि ‘whom/who/that clause का subject नहीं है।
अत: relative pronoun का Object Form प्राणिवाचक संज्ञा के लिए whom/who/that है आप चाहे तो इस प्रकार के वाक्यों का अनुवाद बिना relative pronoun दिए ही कर सकते है, अर्थात् आप लिख सकते हैं
The boy I met yesterday has come today.
इसी प्रकार इसका अनुवाद भी होगा
जिस लड़की को मैं पसंद करता हूँ वह मुझे पसंद नहीं करती है ।
The girl whom I like does not like me.
The girl who I like does not like me.
The girl that I like does not like me.
The girl I like does not like me.
ऐसे वाक्यों में निर्जीव पदार्थों के लिए “that/which” का प्रयोग करे या Relative Pronoun का प्रयोग ही न करें। जैसे
जो टेबुल मैने कल खरीदा वह बहुत कीमती है ।
The table that I bought yesterday is very costly.
The table which I bought yesterday is very costly.
The table I bought yesterday is very costly.
Some More Hints :
ऐसे वाक्यों में यदि Preposition का प्रयोग करना आवश्यक हो, तो इसे Relative Pronoun के पहले कर सकते हैं लेकिन इस स्थिति में persons के लिए सिर्फ whom का प्रयोग होगा, that/which का नहीं यदि Preposition का प्रयोग Verb के बाद करते हैं, तो who/that का प्रयोग होगा। 
 अब इन वाक्यों के अनुवाद को देखें और समझे ।
जिस दोस्त के साथ तुम यात्रा कर रहे थे वे तुमसे मिलने आए हैं
The friend with whom you were travelling has come to see you.
The friend who you were travelling with has come to see you.
The friend that you were travelling with has come to see you.
The friend you were travelling with has come to see you.
क्या तुम उस आदमी को जानते हो जिससे वह बोला ?
Do you know the man to whom he spoke ?
Do you know the man who he spoke to?
Do you know the man that he spoke to?
Do you know the man he spoke to?
ऐसे वाक्यों में निर्जीव पदार्थों के लिए सिर्फ which के ही पहले Preposition का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं यदि Preposition को Verb के बाद देना हो तो which/that का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। जैसे
जिस टेबुल पर में बैठा था वह बहुत पुराना था।
The table on which I was sitting was very old.
The table which I was sitting on was very old.
The table that I was sitting on was very old.
The table I was sitting on was very old.
यह वही घर है जिसके बारे में मैंने तुम्हे लिखा था।
This is the house about which I wrote to you.
This is the house which I worte to you about. This is the house that I wrote to you about.
This is the house I wrote to you about.
Whose का प्रयोग Relative Clause में
Whose एक Possessive Relative Word हैं।
इन वाक्यों के अनुवाद को ध्यान से देखें और समझे ।
वह आदमी जिसका स्वभाव मधुर होता है आदर पाता है ।
The man whose nature is sweet gets respect.
वह कलम जिसका रंग लाल है सुंदर लगती है ।
The pen whose colour is red looks beautiful.

Exercise 213 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation book by R.k Sinha

Translate Hindi Into English
जिस व्यक्ति को मैनें कल देखा था वह आज मेरे यहाँ आया है ।
The person whom I saw yesterday has come to me today.
जिस बच्चे को मैनें कल मिठाई दी थी वह रो रहा है ।
The child whom I gave sweets yesterday is weeping/crying.
जिस कलम को तुमने खरीदा था वह अच्छी नहीं है ।
The pen which you bought is not good.
जिस कमरे में तुम पढ रहे थे वह सुन्दर नहीं है ।
The room which you were studying in is not beautiful.
जिस लड़की के साथ तुम यात्रा कर रहे थें वह शिक्षित नहीं थी ।
The girl with whom you were traveling was not education.
जिस सीढी पर तुम खड़े थे वह कमजोर थी ।
The ladder which you were standing on was weak.
जिस घर मे तुम रहोगे वह आरामदायक नहीं है ।
The house which you will live in is not comfortable.
जिस व्यक्ति से तुमने कार खरीदी है उसने तुम्हें ठगा है ।
The person from whom you have bought the car has cheated you.
जिस व्यक्ति से तुम बोले वह तुमसे बोलना नहीं चाहता था ।
The person to whom you spoke didn’t want to speak to you.
जिस टेबुल को तुम खरीदना चाहते थे वह मजबूत नहीं है ।
The table which you wanted to buy is not strong.
वह औरत जिसको तुम मारना चाहते थे तुम्हारी पत्नी है ।
The woman whose you wanted to beat/kill is your wife.
वह कहानी जिसमें तुम्हारी रूची थी वह मेरे जीवन की कहानी है ।
The story which you were interested in is the story of my life.
वह बच्चा जिसपर तुम ताक रहे थे वह तुम्हारा अपना बच्चा है ।
The child you were staring at is your own child.
जिस देश में आप रहते हैं वह महान है ।
The country which you live in is great.
जिस ट्रेन से वह आ रही थी वह देर से आई ।
The train which she was coming by came late.
जिस अलमारी में तुमने सोना रखा था वह बंद नहीं थी ।
The almirah in which you kept the gold was not locked.
जिस डाकू को तुम मारना चाहते थे वह पकड़ा गया ।
The robber whom you wanted to beat/kill has been arrested.
वह आदमी जिसकी ऊचाई 6 फीट है वह इस काम के लिए उपयुक्त है ।
The man whose hight is 6 feet is suitable for this work/job.
वह कार जिसकी कीमत दस लाख रूपये है उसे मै नहीं खरीद सकता ।
The car which cost is 10 lakh rupees I can’t buy.

​Exercises 212 and 213 in the “Oxford Current English Translation” by R.K. Sinha focus on translating Hindi sentences into English, emphasizing the use of infinitive phrases as subjects. These exercises help learners understand how to structure sentences where the subject is an action or a question word followed by an infinitive.​

Exercise 212: Forms of Subjects

This exercise involves translating Hindi sentences where the subject is an infinitive phrase, often starting with question words like ‘कहाँ’ (where), ‘कैसे’ (how), ‘कब’ (when), etc. In English, these phrases function as the subject of the sentence.​

Examples:

  1. कहाँ जाएँ यह एक समस्या है।

    • Where to go is a problem.

  2. कैसे गरीबों की मदद करें यह एक कठिन समस्या है।

    • How to help the poor is a difficult problem.

  3. कब व्यायाम करें यह तय नहीं है।

    • When to take exercise is not decided.

  4. क्या करें यह पता नहीं है।

    • What to do is not known.

  5. कैसे शुरू करूँ यह समस्या है।

    • How to start is a problem.

  6. कब पटना जाएँ यह तय नहीं है।

    • When to go to Patna is not decided.

These examples illustrate that the infinitive phrase (e.g., “Where to go”) serves as the subject of the sentence, followed by a linking verb (e.g., “is”) and the complement (e.g., “a problem”).​

Exercise 213: Forms of Subjects

This exercise continues the practice of using infinitive phrases as subjects, reinforcing the structure introduced in Exercise 212.​

Examples:

  1. कहाँ ठहरे यह तय नहीं है।

    • Where to stay is not decided.

  2. क्या खाएँ यह एक समस्या है।

    • What to eat is a problem.

  3. कब जाएँ यह निश्चित नहीं है।

    • When to go is not certain.

  4. कैसे करें यह समझ में नहीं आता।

    • How to do it is not understood.

  5. क्यों जाएँ यह स्पष्ट नहीं है।

    • Why to go is not clear.

  6. किससे पूछें यह समस्या है।

    • Whom to ask is a problem.

By practicing these translations, learners can become more comfortable with constructing sentences where the subject is an infinitive phrase, a common structure in English that conveys actions or considerations as topics of discussion.​

For a comprehensive understanding and additional practice, referring to the complete solutions provided in the “Oxford Current English Translation” book by R.K. Sinha is recommended. Additionally, online resources and study materials are available for further practice.

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Oxford Current English Translation ( Ex 212-213 ) Solution

Here are the solutions for Exercises 212 and 213 from the Oxford Current English Translation book by R.K. Sinha, focusing on the use of relative clauses in English grammar.

📘 Exercise 212: Translation Using Relative Clauses

This exercise emphasizes translating Hindi sentences into English, incorporating relative clauses with pronouns like who, which, and that.

✅ Examples:

  1. Hindi: जो बच्चा दौड़ रहा है वह मेरा बेटा है।
    English: The child who is running is my son.

  2. Hindi: जो बच्चे खेल रहे हैं वे मेरे बेटे हैं।
    English: The children who are playing are my sons.

  3. Hindi: जो गाय काली है वह मेरी है।
    English: The cow that is black is mine.

  4. Hindi: जो पुस्तक लाल है वह उनकी है।
    English: The book which is red is theirs.

  5. Hindi: जो लड़का कल नहीं आया वह आज आया है।
    English: The boy who didn’t come yesterday has come today.

  6. Hindi: जो लड़के मैदान में दौड़ रहे थे वे मेरे दोस्त थे।
    English: The boys who were running in the field were my friends.

  7. Hindi: जो लड़के झूठ बोलते हैं वे सजा पाते हैं।
    English: The boys who tell lies get punishment.

  8. Hindi: जो कठिन परिश्रम करते हैं वे सफलता पाते हैं।
    English: Those who work hard achieve success.

  9. Hindi: जो अंग्रेजी जानते हैं वे इज्जत पाते हैं।
    English: Those who know English gain respect.

  10. Hindi: जो हरिद्वार जाते हैं वे शांति महसूस करते हैं।
    English: Those who go to Haridwar feel peace.

📘 Exercise 213: Advanced Use of Relative Clauses

This exercise delves deeper into complex sentence structures, focusing on relative clauses involving prepositions and possessive forms.

✅ Examples:

  1. Hindi: जिस व्यक्ति को मैंने कल देखा था वह आज मेरे यहाँ आया है।
    English: The person whom I saw yesterday has come to me today.

  2. Hindi: जिस बच्चे को मैंने कल मिठाई दी थी वह रो रहा है।
    English: The child whom I gave sweets yesterday is crying.

  3. Hindi: जिस कलम को तुमने खरीदा था वह अच्छी नहीं है।
    English: The pen which you bought is not good.

  4. Hindi: जिस कमरे में तुम पढ़ रहे थे वह सुंदर नहीं है।
    English: The room in which you were studying is not beautiful.

  5. Hindi: जिस लड़की के साथ तुम यात्रा कर रहे थे वह शिक्षित नहीं थी।
    English: The girl with whom you were traveling was not educated.

  6. Hindi: जिस सीढ़ी पर तुम खड़े थे वह कमजोर थी।
    English: The ladder which you were standing on was weak.

  7. Hindi: जिस घर में तुम रहोगे वह आरामदायक नहीं है।
    English: The house in which you will live is not comfortable.

  8. Hindi: जिस व्यक्ति से तुमने कार खरीदी है उसने तुम्हें ठगा है।
    English: The person from whom you have bought the car has cheated you.

  9. Hindi: जिस व्यक्ति से तुम बोले वह तुमसे बोलना नहीं चाहता था।
    English: The person to whom you spoke didn’t want to speak to you.

  10. Hindi: जिस टेबल को तुम खरीदना चाहते थे वह मजबूत नहीं है।
    English: The table which you wanted to buy is not strong.

  11. Hindi: वह औरत जिसको तुम मारना चाहते थे तुम्हारी पत्नी है।
    English: The woman whom you wanted to beat is your wife.

  12. Hindi: वह कहानी जिसमें तुम्हारी रुचि थी वह मेरे जीवन की कहानी है।
    English: The story in which you were interested is the story of my life.

  13. Hindi: वह बच्चा जिसपर तुम ताक रहे थे वह तुम्हारा अपना बच्चा है।
    English: The child you were staring at is your own child.

  14. Hindi: जिस देश में आप रहते हैं वह महान है।
    English: The country in which you live is great.

  15. Hindi: जिस ट्रेन से वह आ रही थी वह देर से आई।
    English: The train by which she was coming arrived late.

  16. Hindi: जिस अलमारी में तुमने सोना रखा था वह बंद नहीं थी।
    English: The almirah in which you kept the gold was not locked.

  17. Hindi: जिस डाकू को तुम मारना चाहते थे वह पकड़ा गया।
    English: The robber whom you wanted to kill has been caught.

  18. Hindi: वह आदमी जिसकी ऊंचाई 6 फीट है वह इस काम के लिए उपयुक्त है।
    English: The man whose height is 6 feet is suitable for this work.

  19. Hindi: वह कार जिसकी कीमत दस लाख रुपये है उसे मैं नहीं खरीद सकता।
    English: The car which costs ten lakh rupees I cannot buy.

🧠 Grammar Notes:

  • Relative Pronouns:

    • Who: Used for people (subjects).

    • Whom: Used for people (objects).

    • Which: Used for animals and things.

    • That: Used for people, animals, and things (can replace “who” or “which”).

    • Whose: Indicates possession.

  • Omission of Relative Pronouns:

    • In some cases, the relative pronoun can be omitted, especially when it functions as the object.

      • Example: “The boy I met yesterday has come today.”

  • Prepositions with Relative Pronouns:

    • Prepositions can be placed before the relative pronoun or at the end of the clause.

      • Example:

        • “The room in which you were studying…”

        • “The room you were studying in…”

For a more detailed explanation and additional examples, you can refer to the full solutions provided on the Diznr International website.

Additionally, for a visual walkthrough of Exercise 212, you might find this video helpful:

If you need further assistance or explanations on specific sentences, feel free to ask!



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