Resonance Chemistry Basic Inorganic Nomenclature

Resonance in Chemistry & Basic Inorganic Nomenclature

Resonance in Chemistry

Resonance is a concept used in chemistry to describe the delocalization of electrons in molecules that cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure. Instead, multiple resonance structures contribute to the actual structure of the molecule.

 Key Points about Resonance:

Delocalization of π-electrons leads to stability.
 Resonance does not mean flipping between structures; rather, the molecule exists as a hybrid of all resonance structures.
 The actual structure is more stable than any individual resonance form.

 Example: Resonance in Benzene (C₆H₆)

Benzene has two resonance structures, where the double bonds shift positions:

Kekulé structures of benzene show alternating single and double bonds.
Actual benzene structure is a hybrid where the π-electrons are evenly distributed across the ring.

Basic Inorganic Nomenclature

In inorganic chemistry, nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on their composition.

 Rules for Naming Inorganic Compounds:

Binary Compounds (Two Elements)

• Metal + Non-metal → Name metal first, then non-metal with "-ide" suffix.

• Example: NaCl = Sodium Chloride

Ionic Compounds (With Polyatomic Ions)

• Name the cation (positive ion) first, then the anion.

• Example: Na₂SO₄ = Sodium Sulfate

Transition Metals (Variable Oxidation States)

• Use Roman numerals to indicate oxidation state.

• Example: FeCl₂ = Iron(II) Chloride, FeCl₃ = Iron(III) Chloride

Acids and Bases

• HCl (aq) = Hydrochloric Acid

• H₂SO₄ = Sulfuric Acid

• NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide

 Conclusion:

Resonance is an important concept in organic and inorganic chemistry that explains the delocalization of electrons in molecules.
Inorganic nomenclature follows systematic rules for naming binary compounds, ionic compounds, acids, and bases.

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Resonance Chemistry Basic Inorganic Nomenclature

Oxidation number ● HALOGEN ATOM : ● METALS

B. Sc. I YEAR INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry

Naming inorganic compounds

Here's a beginner-friendly explanation covering Resonance in Chemistry and a primer on Basic Inorganic Nomenclature:

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Resonance in Chemistry

What is Resonance?

Resonance refers to the delocalization of electrons in molecules that cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure.

Instead of one fixed structure, the molecule is best described as a hybrid of multiple contributing structures.

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Key Points about Resonance:

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Examples of Resonance:

1. Ozone (O₃)

• Both structures are resonance contributors.

• Actual structure: hybrid with equal O–O bond lengths.

2. Carbonate Ion (CO₃²⁻)

• All C–O bonds are equal in length.

• Negative charge is delocalized over all oxygen atoms.

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Resonance Rules:

• All contributing structures must have the same atom arrangement.

• Only electrons move (π bonds/lone pairs), not atoms.

• More resonance contributors = more stable molecule.

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Basic Inorganic Nomenclature (IUPAC Rules)

1. Binary Ionic Compounds

[Metal] + [Nonmetal] (ide)

• NaCl → Sodium chloride

• MgO → Magnesium oxide

2. Ionic Compounds with Variable Charges

[Metal (Roman numeral)] + [Nonmetal (ide)]

• FeCl₂ → Iron(II) chloride

• FeCl₃ → Iron(III) chloride

3. Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

Use ion name directly

• NaNO₃ → Sodium nitrate

• CaSO₄ → Calcium sulfate

• NH₄Cl → Ammonium chloride

4. Acids

5. Covalent Compounds (Nonmetals)

Use Greek prefixes:

• CO → Carbon monoxide

• CO₂ → Carbon dioxide

• N₂O₅ → Dinitrogen pentoxide

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Summary

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Would you like:

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• Practice problems on resonance/naming?

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Resonance Chemistry Basic Inorganic Nomenclature

❖ Resonance