Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields – Properties of Charges – part-5.

Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields – Properties of Charges – part-5.

​In the study of electric charges and fields, understanding the properties of electric charges is fundamental. Here are the key properties:​

1. Additivity of Charges: The total charge of a system is the algebraic sum of individual charges. For example, if a system contains charges q1,q2,q_1, q_2,q1​,q2​, and q3q_3q3​, the total charge $Q$ is given by:​

   Q=q1+q2+q3Q = q_1 + q_2 + q_3Q=q1​+q2​+q3​

2. Quantization of Charge: Electric charge is quantized, meaning it exists in discrete packets rather than a continuous amount. The smallest unit of charge is the elementary charge $e$, approximately equal to 1.6×10−191.6 \times 10^{-19}1.6×10−19 coulombs. Therefore, any charge $q$ can be expressed as:​

   $q=n\times e$

   where $n$ is an integer.

3. Conservation of Charge: The total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant over time, regardless of internal changes. This principle implies that charge can neither be created nor destroyed but only transferred from one body to another.​

4. Attraction and Repulsion: Like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract each other. This behavior is described by Coulomb’s law, which quantifies the electrostatic force between two point charges.​Toppers Bulletin+2Orchids The International School+2CoolGyan+2

5. Charge Invariance: The value of electric charge is independent of the frame of reference. This means that the amount of charge on a body remains the same, regardless of its motion relative to an observer.​

These properties are foundational to understanding electrostatics and are extensively discussed in Chapter 1 of the NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook. For detailed explanations and problem-solving techniques related to these properties, you can refer to the NCERT solutions provided by various educational platforms.​

Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields – Properties of Charges – part-5.

Revision Notes Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 – Electric …

15 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD

ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS

Certainly! Let’s delve into the Properties of Electric Charges, a fundamental concept in Class 12 Physics under the chapter “Electric Charges and Fields.” Understanding these properties is crucial for grasping the behavior of electric charges and their interactions.

Properties of Electric Charges

1. Additivity of Charges:

   • Electric charges are scalar quantities and add algebraically.

   • If a system has multiple point charges q1,q2,q3,…,qnq_1, q_2, q_3, \ldots, q_nq1​,q2​,q3​,…,qn​, the total charge $Q$ is:

     Q=q1+q2+q3+…+qnQ = q_1 + q_2 + q_3 + \ldots + q_nQ=q1​+q2​+q3​+…+qn​

   • This principle implies that the net charge of a system is the sum of individual charges.

2. Conservation of Charge:

   • The total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant over time.

   • Charge can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transferred from one body to another.

   • For example, during charging by friction, electrons are transferred between bodies, but the total charge remains conserved.

3. Quantization of Charge:

   • Electric charge is quantized, meaning it exists in discrete packets.

   • The smallest unit of charge is the elementary charge $e$, which is approximately 1.602×10−191.602 \times 10^{-19}1.602×10−19 coulombs.

   • Any charge $Q$ is an integral multiple of this elementary charge:

     $$Q=\pm ne\text{where }n=0,1,2,3,\dots$$

   • This implies that charge cannot take any arbitrary value but must be a multiple of $e$.Learn CBSE

4. Like Charges Repel, Unlike Charges Attract:

   • Charges of the same sign (both positive or both negative) repel each other.

   • Charges of opposite signs (one positive and one negative) attract each other.

   • This fundamental behavior governs the interactions between charged particles.

5. Charge is Invariant:

   • The value of electric charge is independent of the frame of reference.

   • Whether a charged particle is at rest or in motion, its charge remains the same.

   • This invariance is a cornerstone in the theory of relativity and ensures consistency in physical laws across different reference frames.

For a more detailed explanation and visual representation of these properties, you might find the following video helpful:

If you have any further questions or need clarification on any of these points, feel free to ask!

Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields – Properties of Charges – part-5.