What is Translation _ It’s Meaning and Definition A step in protein biosynthesis where a genetic.

What is Translation _ It’s Meaning and Definition A step in protein biosynthesis where a genetic.

Translation: Meaning and Definition

Translation is a fundamental step in protein biosynthesis, where the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize a specific protein. This process occurs in the ribosomes and involves transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Definition of Translation

Biological Definition:
“Translation is the process by which ribosomes decode the genetic instructions in mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) with the correct sequence of amino acids.”

Simplified Definition:
Translation is the conversion of genetic code (mRNA) into a functional protein using ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids.

Steps of Translation in Protein Synthesis

1. Initiation – The ribosome assembles around the mRNA, and the first tRNA binds to the start codon (AUG).
2. Elongation – tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, which links them to form a growing protein chain.
3. Termination – When a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, the ribosome releases the completed protein.

Key Components of Translation

mRNA (Messenger RNA) – Carries the genetic instructions.
tRNA (Transfer RNA) – Brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Ribosome – The cellular “machine” that assembles proteins.
Codons – Triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that specify amino acids.
Amino Acids – Building blocks of proteins.

Importance of Translation

 Essential for protein formation in all living cells.
 Determines the function and structure of proteins.
 Helps in gene expression and cellular activities.
 Vital for growth, repair, and metabolism.

Conclusion

Translation is a crucial biological process in which the genetic code in mRNA is converted into a functional protein. It is an essential part of gene expression and protein biosynthesis, ensuring the proper functioning of cells and organisms.

What is Translation?

Meaning (Biology Context):

In molecular biology, Translation is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). It is a crucial step in protein biosynthesis.

Definition:

Translation is the step in protein synthesis where the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by a ribosome to build a chain of amino acids, which will fold into a functional protein.

Key Concepts in Translation:

1. mRNA (messenger RNA): Carries genetic code from DNA

2. Ribosome: Site where translation occurs

3. tRNA (transfer RNA): Brings amino acids to the ribosome

4. Codons: Triplets of bases in mRNA (e.g., AUG, UAA)

5. Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins

Steps in Translation:

1. Initiation – Ribosome binds to mRNA and starts at start codon (usually AUG)

2. Elongation – tRNAs bring amino acids, which are linked in sequence

3. Termination – Process stops at a stop codon (e.g., UAA, UAG, UGA)

Why Is Translation Important?

• Converts genetic information into functional proteins

• Essential for cell growth, repair, and function

• Central to the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA → RNA → Protein)

Summary (One Line):

Translation is the process of building proteins from mRNA instructions in the ribosome.

Would you like a diagram of the translation process, or notes in Hindi, or a PDF for quick revision?

What is Translation _ It’s Meaning and Definition A step in protein biosynthesis where a genetic.

Transcription, Translation & Protein Synthesis

Translation