RAPIDEX ENGLISH SPEAKING COURSE GRAMMAR -17- PRONOUNS – RELATIVE PRONOUNS – PART-12

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Rapidex English Speaking Course

Grammar – 17: Pronouns

Relative Pronouns (Part-12)

What are Relative Pronouns?

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause and connects it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It provides extra information about the noun.

Common Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who	Refers to people (as a subject)	The boy who won the race is my friend.
Whom	Refers to people (as an object)	She is the girl whom I met yesterday.
Which	Refers to animals or things	This is the book which I borrowed.
That	Refers to people, animals, or things (used instead of ‘who’ or ‘which’ in defining clauses)	The car that he bought is expensive.
Whose	Shows possession	The student whose book is missing should report it.

Types of Relative Clauses

1. Defining Relative Clauses (Essential Information)

• Gives necessary information about the noun.
• Does NOT use commas ( , ).
• Example:
  • The man who lives next door is a doctor.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses (Extra Information)

• Provides extra details that are not necessary for identifying the noun.
• Uses commas ( , ).
• Example:
  • My father, who is a retired officer, loves gardening.

Usage Rules and Examples

Who vs. Whom

• Who is used as a subject (performs the action).
  • Example: The teacher who teaches us English is very kind.
• Whom is used as an object (receives the action).
  • Example: The person whom I called did not answer.

Which vs. That

• Which is used for extra (non-defining) information.
  • Example: My laptop, which is very old, still works fine.
• That is used for essential (defining) information.
  • Example: The laptop that I bought yesterday is fast.

Whose (For Possession)

• Example: The boy whose father is a doctor won the prize.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Incorrect: The book who is on the table is mine.
Correct: The book which is on the table is mine.

Incorrect: She is the girl which won the competition.
Correct: She is the girl who won the competition.

Quick Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose):

1. The boy _______ scored the highest marks is my cousin.
2. This is the pen _______ I was looking for.
3. The lady _______ I spoke to was very polite.
4. He is the writer _______ books are famous worldwide.
5. The movie _______ we watched last night was amazing.

(Answers: 1. who, 2. which/that, 3. whom, 4. whose, 5. which/that)

Summary

Relative Pronouns connect a clause to a noun and provide more information.
Who, Whom → for people, Which → for things, That → for people/things, Whose → for possession.
Defining Clauses → No commas, Non-Defining Clauses → Use commas.

 Would you like more examples or advanced exercises on Relative Pronouns?

Here is a detailed and easy explanation of:

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Rapidex English Speaking Course – Grammar-17

Part-12: Pronouns – Relative Pronouns (Relative Pronouns Explained in Hindi)

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Relative Pronouns क्या होते हैं?

Relative Pronouns ऐसे pronouns होते हैं जो दो वाक्यों को जोड़ते हैं और किसी noun या pronoun के बारे में अधिक जानकारी देते हैं।

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Common Relative Pronouns

Pronoun	उपयोग	उदाहरण
Who	व्यक्तियों के लिए	The boy who is playing is my brother.
Whom	व्यक्तियों के लिए (object के रूप में)	The girl whom you met is my cousin.
Which	वस्तुओं/जानवरों के लिए	The book which I bought is interesting.
That	व्यक्ति या वस्तु दोनों के लिए (Who/Which का विकल्प)	The car that he drives is new.
Whose	स्वामित्व (possession) दिखाने के लिए	The man whose car was stolen is a teacher.

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Use Cases: How Relative Pronouns Connect Sentences

Example:

1. This is the girl. She won the prize.
   This is the girl who won the prize.
2. He is the author. You were talking about him.
   He is the author whom you were talking about.
3. I bought a laptop. It is very fast.
   I bought a laptop which is very fast.

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Rules to Remember:

1. Who – Subject (person)
   – The teacher who teaches us is strict.
2. Whom – Object (person)
   – The boy whom I met was polite.
3. Whose – Possessive (किसका)
   – The woman whose son won the medal is happy.
4. Which – Things, animals
   – The dog which barked is mine.
5. That – Both person and thing (often used in place of who/which)
   – The book that you gave me is useful.

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Note:

• “That” is commonly used in spoken English, especially in informal contexts.
• Do not use comma (,) with “that” in restrictive clauses.
  • The house that Jack built is old.
  • The house, that Jack built, is old. (Incorrect)

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Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with correct Relative Pronouns:

1. The boy ____ is dancing is my cousin.
2. This is the book ____ I like most.
3. The man ____ car was stolen reported it to the police.
4. She is the woman ____ you spoke to.
5. The house ____ we visited was 100 years old.

Answers:

1. who
2. which / that
3. whose
4. whom
5. that / which

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Summary Table:

Relative Pronoun	Refers To	Role in Sentence
who	Person	Subject
whom	Person	Object
whose	Person/Thing	Possession
which	Thing/Animal	Subject/Object
that	Person/Thing	Subject/Object

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