RAPIDEX ENGLISH SPEAKING COURSE GRAMMAR -17- PRONOUNS – RELATIVE PRONOUNS – PART-12

RAPIDEX ENGLISH SPEAKING COURSE GRAMMAR -17- PRONOUNS – RELATIVE PRONOUNS – PART-12

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Rapidex English Speaking Course

Grammar – 17: Pronouns

Relative Pronouns (Part-12)

What are Relative Pronouns?

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause and connects it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It provides extra information about the noun.

Common Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who	Refers to people (as a subject)	The boy who won the race is my friend.
Whom	Refers to people (as an object)	She is the girl whom I met yesterday.
Which	Refers to animals or things	This is the book which I borrowed.
That	Refers to people, animals, or things (used instead of ‘who’ or ‘which’ in defining clauses)	The car that he bought is expensive.
Whose	Shows possession	The student whose book is missing should report it.

Types of Relative Clauses

1. Defining Relative Clauses (Essential Information)

• Gives necessary information about the noun.
• Does NOT use commas ( , ).
• Example:
  • The man who lives next door is a doctor.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses (Extra Information)

• Provides extra details that are not necessary for identifying the noun.
• Uses commas ( , ).
• Example:
  • My father, who is a retired officer, loves gardening.

Usage Rules and Examples

Who vs. Whom

• Who is used as a subject (performs the action).
  • Example: The teacher who teaches us English is very kind.
• Whom is used as an object (receives the action).
  • Example: The person whom I called did not answer.

Which vs. That

• Which is used for extra (non-defining) information.
  • Example: My laptop, which is very old, still works fine.
• That is used for essential (defining) information.
  • Example: The laptop that I bought yesterday is fast.

Whose (For Possession)

• Example: The boy whose father is a doctor won the prize.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Incorrect: The book who is on the table is mine.
Correct: The book which is on the table is mine.

Incorrect: She is the girl which won the competition.
Correct: She is the girl who won the competition.

Quick Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose):

1. The boy _______ scored the highest marks is my cousin.
2. This is the pen _______ I was looking for.
3. The lady _______ I spoke to was very polite.
4. He is the writer _______ books are famous worldwide.
5. The movie _______ we watched last night was amazing.

(Answers: 1. who, 2. which/that, 3. whom, 4. whose, 5. which/that)

Summary

Relative Pronouns connect a clause to a noun and provide more information.
Who, Whom → for people, Which → for things, That → for people/things, Whose → for possession.
Defining Clauses → No commas, Non-Defining Clauses → Use commas.

 Would you like more examples or advanced exercises on Relative Pronouns?