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Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application

Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application

Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application

Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application.

https://www.gyanodhan.com/video/7A2.%20Computer%20Science/Distributed%20Computing/303.%20Day%2007%20Part%2002%20Phases%20of%20Distributed%20System%20or%20Architecture%20of%20Distributed%20Systemdistributed%20applic.mp4

Phases of a Distributed System & Architecture of Distributed Systems

A Distributed System consists of multiple interconnected computers that communicate and coordinate to achieve a common goal. It ensures scalability, fault tolerance, and resource sharing.

1. Phases of a Distributed System

A distributed system follows these key phases:

1.1. Design Phase

1.2. Development Phase

1.3. Deployment Phase

1.4. Execution and Coordination Phase

1.5. Monitoring and Maintenance Phase

2. Architecture of a Distributed System

The architecture defines how different components interact. There are several models:

2.1. Client-Server Architecture

2.2. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture

2.3. Three-Tier Architecture

2.4. Microservices Architecture

2.5. Event-Driven Architecture

3. Distributed Applications

A Distributed Application runs on multiple machines but appears as a single system.

Examples of Distributed Applications:

Would you like details on a specific architecture or an example of a distributed application?

Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application

Module 1 – Distributed System Architectures & Models

Module 2 Distributed System Architectures

Here’s a detailed explanation of the Phases of a Distributed System (or its architecture), especially in the context of a distributed application:


Architecture of a Distributed System

A Distributed System is a collection of independent computers that appear to the users as a single coherent system. It is built in layers/phases that represent how different components interact.


1. Hardware Layer

  • Nodes/Machines: The physical servers, desktops, mobile devices, etc.

  • Can be homogeneous (same type) or heterogeneous (different architectures/platforms).

  • Connected via network (LAN/WAN, Internet).


2. Network Layer

  • Provides communication between machines.

  • Protocols: TCP/IP, UDP, gRPC, etc.

  • Handles:

    • Message transmission

    • Fault detection (timeouts, retransmissions)

    • Basic security (TLS)


3. Operating System Layer

  • The OS abstracts the hardware and manages local resources (files, processes).

  • Also provides network access APIs (e.g., sockets).

  • Often handles process scheduling, local concurrency, memory management.


4. Middleware Layer ( Core of distributed systems)

  • Sits between the OS and the distributed application.

  • Provides abstractions and services like:

    • Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) / Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

    • Message Passing (e.g., Kafka, RabbitMQ)

    • Naming Services

    • Security services

    • Data serialization/deserialization

    • Fault tolerance mechanisms

Examples: CORBA, gRPC, Java RMI, REST APIs, DDS, .NET Remoting.


5. Application Layer (Distributed Applications)

  • This is where the actual distributed application logic resides.

  • Examples:

    • Distributed databases (Cassandra, MongoDB)

    • Cloud services (e.g., Google Docs, Netflix)

    • Multiplayer games

    • Microservices

    • Blockchain networks


Phases of Distributed System Development

Phase 1: Requirement Analysis

  • Define the goals (e.g., scalability, consistency, fault-tolerance).

  • Determine system topology (peer-to-peer, client-server, hybrid).

Phase 2: System Design

  • Choose architecture: centralized, decentralized, or hybrid.

  • Select middleware, communication protocols, data formats.

  • Design failure recovery and synchronization strategies.

Phase 3: Implementation

  • Develop system components and integrate middleware.

  • Use programming models: RPC, message queues, event-driven, etc.

Phase 4: Deployment

  • Deploy on cloud/on-premise infrastructure.

  • Manage scaling, node registration, service discovery.

Phase 5: Monitoring & Maintenance

  • Track system health (latency, load, failure rate).

  • Handle upgrades, logging, alerting, dynamic scaling.


Common Architectures of Distributed Applications

Type Description Example
Client-Server Clients request, server responds Web apps, REST APIs
Peer-to-Peer All nodes are equal, decentralized BitTorrent, blockchain
Three-tier Presentation β†’ Logic β†’ Data Enterprise apps, ERPs
Microservices Multiple small services communicate Netflix, Amazon
Service-Oriented Services are loosely coupled SOAP, WSDL-based architectures

Summary

  • A distributed system consists of multiple layers: hardware β†’ network β†’ OS β†’ middleware β†’ application.

  • Middleware plays a critical role in hiding distribution complexities.

  • Distributed applications leverage this architecture to provide scalable, fault-tolerant, and efficient services.


Would you like a diagram of the architecture, or a comparison of distributed vs centralized systems next?

Phases of Distributed System or Architecture of Distributed System-distributed application