Oxford Current English Translation Ex 239 240 241 Solution

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1 Narration Direct & Indirect Speech Basic Points, Rules, Examples & Exercise Solution

Narration Direct & Indirect Speech Basic Points, Rules, Examples & Exercise Solution

Rule 2 [ How to Change of Tense ]

Note : यदि Reporting Verb Past Tense मे रहता है, तब Inverted Comma ” “ के भीतर प्रयुक्त Tense मे परिवर्तन होता है ।

यदि Reporting Verb Past Tense (( Said )) रहे । तो निम्नलिखित प्रकार से Tense को बदलते हैं ।

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

V1/V5 V2
Do/does + not + V1 Did + not + V1
V2 Had + V3
Did + not + V1 Had + not + V3

Has/have Had
Is/are/am Was/Were
Was/were Had been
Had to had had to
Has/have been Had been

Had No change
Had been No change

Can Could
May Might
Shall Should
Will Would

Could No change
Would No change
Might No change
Should No change
Must No change

यदि Reporting Verb ( Said ) के बाद कोई Object रहे तो Said को told मे बदल देते हैं । और

यदि Reporting Verb ( Said ) के बाद Object नहीं रहे तो Reporting Verb ( Said ) को Change नहीं करते हैं, उसे Indirect speech मे भी Said ही लिखा जाएगा ।

Reporting Verb ( Said ) के बाद प्रयुक्त to को हटा देते हैं । यानि कि लुप्त कर देते हैं ।

Inverted Comma ” “ के स्थान पर that का प्रयोग करते हैं ।

Exercise 239 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation Book by R.k Sinha

Translate into English ( first in direct speech and then in indirect speech.

उसने कहा कि मै बीमार नहीं हूँ ।

He said,” I am not I’ll.”

He said that he was not I’ll.

सीता ने कहा कि मै एक गरीब लड़की हूँ ।

Sita said,” I am a poor girl.”

Sita said that she was a poor girl.

राम ने कहा कि मै काम कर रहा हूँ ।

Ram said,” I am working.”

Ram said that he was working.

मोहन ने कहा कि मै सोहन को जानता हूँ ।

Mohan said,” I know sohan.”

Mohan said that he knew sohan.

उसने कहा कि मुझे कलम नहीं है ।

He said,” I have no pen.”

He said that he had no pen.

हमलोगों ने कहा कि हमें जाना है ।

We said,” We have to go.”

We said that we had to go.

गोपी ने कहा कि मैनें पक्षी को मारा है ।

Gopi said,” I have killed the bird.”

Gopi said that he had killed the bird.

उनलोगों ने कहा कि हमलोग घंटो से काम कर रहे हैं ।

They said,” We have been working for hours.”

They said that they had been working for hours.

शीला ने कहा कि मै वहां जाऊँगी ।

Sheela said,” I shall go there.

Sheela said that she would go there.

मदन ने कहा कि मै दौड़ सकता हूँ ।

Madan said,” I can run.”

Madan said that he could run.

उसने मुझसे कहा कि तुम मेरे दोस्त हो ।

He said to me,” You are my friend.”

He told me that I was his friend.

सीता ने राम से कहा कि आपने मेरी मदद की है ।

Sita said to Ram,” You have helped me.”

Sita told Ram that he had helped her.

लड़कों ने शिक्षक से कहा कि हमलोग आपका इंतजार कर रहे थे ।

The boys said to the teacher,” We were waiting for you.

The boys told the teacher that they had been waiting for him.

मैनें कहा कि मै काम करूँगा ।

I said,” I shall work.”

I said that I should work.

उसने मुझसे कहा कि मै तुम्हें अंग्रेजी पढाऊँगा ।

He said to me,” I shall teach you english.”

He told me that he would teach me english.

मैनें राम से कहा कि तुम अपने जीवन में कुछ नहीं करोगे ।

I said to Ram,” You will do nothing in your life.”

I told Ram that he would do nothing in his life.

Exercise 240 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation Book by R.k Sinha

Translate into English ( first in direct speech and then in indirect speech.

उसने कहा कि मै वहां गया था ।

He said,” I went there.”

He said that he had gone there.

उसने मुझसे कहा कि मैनें तुमसे मिलना चाहा ।

He said to me,” I wanted to meet you.”

He told me that he had wanted to meet me.

उसने कहा कि मै स्कूल गया था ।

He said,” I went to school.”

He said that he had gone to school.

उनलोगों ने कहा कि हमलोगों ने कोशिश की थी ।

They said,” We tried.”

They said that they had tried.

उसने कहा कि मै खेल रहा था ।

He said,” I was playing.”

He said that he had been playing.

मैनें कहा कि मै जा रहा था ।

I said,” I was going.”

I said that I had been going.

घनश्याम ने कहा कि मै कोशिश कर रहा था ।

Ghanshyam said,” I was trying.”

Ghanshyam said that he had been trying.

लता ने कहा कि मै पढ चुकी थी ।

Lata said,” I have studied/read.”

Lata said that she had studied/read.

मोहन ने कहा कि मै पहले ही खा चुका था ।

Mohan said,” I had already eaten.”

Mohan said that he had already eaten.

उसने मुझसे कहा कि मैनें तुम्हें देखा था ।

He said to me,” I saw you.”

He told me that he had seen me.

राम ने मुझसे कहा कि मै तुम्हारी किताब पढ रहा था ।

Ram said to me,” I was reading your book.”

Ram told me that he had been reading my book.

उसने कहा कि मै सुबह से दौड़ रहा था ।

He said,” I had been running since morning.”

He said that he had been running since morning.

सीता ने मुझसे कहा कि मै दो बर्षों से तुम्हारा इंतजार कर रही थी ।

Sita said to me,” I had been waiting for you for two years.”

Sita told me that she had been waiting for me for two years.

Exercise 241 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation Book by R.k Sinha

Translate into English ( first in direct speech and then in indirect speech.

Note : अगर ‘कि’ के बाद आनेवाले clause मे ऐसा कथन हो जिससे चिरंतन सत्य ( Universal truth ) या प्राकृतिक नियम ( Natural law ) का बोध हो ।।। तो उस clause के Verb के Tense मे कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा । जैसे

उसने कहा कि पृथ्वी गोल है ।

He said,” The earth is round.”

He said that the earth is round.

यहाँ The earth was round लिखना गलत होगा क्योंकि पृथ्वी गोल है यह एक चिरंतन सत्य है ।

राम ने कहा कि दो और दो चार होते हैं ।

Ram said,” Two and two is four.”

Ram said that two and two is four.

उसने कहा कि पृथ्वी सूर्य के चारो ओर घूमती है ।

He said,” The earth moves around the sun.”

He said that the earth moves around the sun.

शिक्षक ने कहा कि काम ही पूजा है ।

The teacher said,” Work is worship.”

The teacher said that work is worship.

शिक्षक ने कहा कि मानव मरणशील है ।

The teacher said,” Man is mortal.”

The teacher said that man is mortal.

उसने कहा कि सभी चमकनेवाली चीजें सोना नहीं होती ।

He said,” All that glitters is not gold.”

He said that all that glitters is not gold.

पिताजी ने कहा कि दोस्त वही है जो समय पर काम आए ।

Father said,” A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

Father said that a friend in need is a friend indeed.

शिक्षक ने कहा कि कम ज्ञान खतरनाक होता है ।

The teacher said,” A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.”

The teacher said that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

मेरी माँ ने कहा कि ईमानदारी सबसे अच्छी नीति है ।

My mother said,” Honesty is the best policy.”

My mother said that honesty is the best policy.

शिक्षक ने कहा कि तेल पानी पर तैरता है ।

The teacher said,” Oil floats on water.”

The teacher said that oil floats on water.

Exercises 239, 240, and 241 in the Oxford Current English Translation book by R.K. Sinha focus on translating Hindi sentences into English, emphasizing the correct use of infinitive clauses as subjects. Here’s a detailed breakdown and solutions for these exercises:

Key Concept: Infinitive Clauses as Subjects

In English, infinitive clauses (e.g., “to eat,” “to read”) can function as the subject of a sentence. This structure is often used to translate Hindi sentences where the subject is an action or a question about an action.

Exercise 239: Translating Hindi Sentences with Infinitive Subjects

Examples:

Hindi: क्या खाएँ यह एक समस्या है।
- English: What to eat is a problem.
Hindi: कैसे पढ़ें यह एक प्रश्न है।
- English: How to study is a question.
Hindi: कब जाएँ यह अनिश्चित है।
- English: When to go is uncertain.

Exercise 240: Translating Hindi Sentences with Infinitive Subjects

Examples:

Hindi: क्या करें यह पता नहीं है।
- English: What to do is not known.
Hindi: कहाँ जाएँ यह विचाराधीन है।
- English: Where to go is under consideration.
Hindi: क्यों ठहरें यह तय नहीं है।
- English: Why to stay is not decided.

Exercise 241: Translating Hindi Sentences with Infinitive Subjects

Examples:

Hindi: कैसे इंतजार करें यह एक समस्या है।
- English: How to wait is a problem.
Hindi: क्या नहीं करें यह विचाराधीन है।
- English: What not to do is under consideration.
Hindi: कहाँ ठहरें यह तय नहीं है।
- English: Where to stay is not decided.

For a comprehensive walkthrough of these exercises, you can refer to the detailed solutions provided on the following website:

Exercises 239, 240 & 241 Solutions:

Additionally, for further practice and clarification, you might find the following video resource helpful:

Oxford Current English Translation Exercises

These resources offer step-by-step solutions and explanations to enhance your understanding of translating Hindi sentences into English, particularly focusing on the use of infinitive clauses as subjects.