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Non Verbal Reasoning – Figure matrix – Concept of 2 2 matrix and 3 3 matrix.

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Non Verbal Reasoning – Figure matrix – Concept of 2 2 matrix and 3 3 matrix.

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 Non-Verbal Reasoning – Figure Matrix (2×2 & 3×3 Matrix Concept)

Figure Matrix is an important topic in Non-Verbal Reasoning commonly found in SSC, UPSC, GATE, Banking, and other competitive exams.

 1. What is a Figure Matrix?

A figure matrix is a set of images arranged in a 2×2 or 3×3 grid where you must find the missing figure by identifying a pattern.

  • The rows and columns follow a specific rule (rotation, size change, mirror image, number of elements, etc.).
  • The missing figure must complete the logical pattern.

 2. Types of Figure Matrices

(A) 2×2 Figure Matrix

Example:

[ A → B ]
[ C → ? ]

 The pattern follows A is related to B in the same way C is related to the missing figure.
 Identify the logic (e.g., rotation, reflection, shape change, shading, etc.).

(B) 3×3 Figure Matrix

Example:

[ A B C ]
[ D E F ]
[ G H ? ]

 Here, each row and column follows a specific transformation rule.
 The missing figure (?) should follow the same pattern as others.

 3. Common Patterns in Figure Matrices

Rotation: Figures rotate by 90°, 180°, or 270°.
Reflection: Mirror image or water reflection is used.
Size Change: The shape may increase or decrease in size.
Addition/Removal of Elements: New elements are added or removed.
Shading Pattern: Figures may get shaded in a systematic way.
Mathematical Shape Patterns: Each shape follows an arithmetic rule.

 4. Solving Strategy for Figure Matrix Problems

Step 1: Look at the given figures and identify patterns.
Step 2: Compare row-wise and column-wise to find relationships.
Step 3: Check for rotation, reflection, symmetry, or transformation.
Step 4: Apply the same pattern to find the missing figure.

 5. Example Questions & Solutions

Example 1: 2×2 Figure Matrix

[ → ]
[ → ? ]

Solution: The triangle flips upside-down ( → ), so the circle should also flip. Since a circle is symmetric, the missing figure is itself.

Example 2: 3×3 Figure Matrix

[ ]
[ ]
[ ? ]

Solution: The pattern alternates between white () and black () squares. The missing figure must be black () to maintain the sequence.

 Final Tips for Competitive Exams

Practice different patterns – Solve at least 50 figure matrix questions before your exam.
Identify transformation types – Rotation, reflection, shading, etc.
Eliminate incorrect options – Use logic to remove wrong choices.
Practice with previous year questions – SSC, UPSC, and Bank exams often repeat question styles.

Would you like practice questions or step-by-step explanations for tricky problems?

Non Verbal Reasoning – Figure matrix – Concept of 2 2 matrix and 3 3 matrix.

Here’s a clear explanation of Non-Verbal Reasoning – Figure Matrix, especially focusing on 2×2 and 3×3 matrices:

Non-Verbal Reasoning: Figure Matrix (2×2 and 3×3 Matrix)

Figure matrices are reasoning puzzles where figures are arranged in a matrix/grid. You need to identify the pattern or logic that governs the rows or columns and find the missing figure.

1. What is a Figure Matrix?

A Figure Matrix is a visual arrangement of figures (shapes/patterns) in the form of a 2×2 or 3×3 grid where one figure is missing.

Your task is to identify the missing figure based on the relationship between rows and columns — similar to how numbers behave in arithmetic matrices.

2×2 Matrix – Concept and Example

Structure:

less
| A | B |
| C | ? |

Here, A is related to B in the same way that C is related to the missing figure (?).

Common Patterns:

  • Rotation: Shapes rotate from one to the next.

  • Number of Sides: A triangle becomes a square → increase in sides.

  • Shading/Fill: A black shape becomes white → alternating patterns.

  • Addition/Subtraction of elements or lines.

Example (2×2 Matrix)

| ● | ▲ |
| ■ | ? |

Logic:
Top row: Circle → Triangle (0 sides → 3 sides)
Bottom row: Square → ? (4 sides → likely 5 sides → Pentagon)

Answer: Pentagon

3×3 Matrix – Concept and Example

Structure:

mathematica
| A | B | C |
| D | E | F |
| G | H | ? |

In a 3×3 matrix, the pattern may follow:

  • Row-wise logic: A → B → C, D → E → F, etc.

  • Column-wise logic: A → D → G, B → E → H, etc.

You may also find logic diagonally, or with progressive rotation, mirroring, shape count, etc.

Example (3×3 Matrix)

Let’s say the matrix has a pattern where:

  • Each row has figures that are rotated versions of the same base shape.

  • Row 1: Rotates 90°, 180°, 270°

  • Row 2: Mirror reflections

  • Row 3: Apply same logic — find the third figure.

Strategy: Find consistent transformations across each row or column.

Common Patterns in Figure Matrices

Pattern Type Description
Rotation Each figure rotates by a fixed angle
Flipping/Mirroring Shapes are mirrored horizontally or vertically
Shape Addition New elements are added step-by-step
Shape Subtraction Elements are removed across the matrix
Shading/Color Alternating shaded/white patterns
Counting Elements Dots, lines, corners increase or decrease

Tips to Solve Quickly

  1. Analyze rows & columns separately

  2. Count shapes, sides, lines, dots

  3. Check for rotation or reflection

  4. Look for symmetry or consistent operations

  5. Don’t overcomplicate – patterns are visual and logical, not mathematical

Practice Sources

  • R.S. Aggarwal – Non-Verbal Reasoning (Chapters: Figure Matrix)

  • Arihant’s “Non-Verbal Reasoning”

  • SSC, Bank PO, Railways, NDA, CDS, and other aptitude practice books

Would you like:

  • Practice worksheets with answers?

  • Visual examples and explanations?

  • Daily figure matrix puzzles for practice?

Let me know how you’d like to continue learning!

Non Verbal Reasoning – Figure matrix – Concept of 2 2 matrix and 3 3 matrix.