Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.

Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.

Hereโ€™s a clear and concise explanation of the Bipartite Graph concept from Discrete Mathematics, tailored for GATE 2025 preparation (Day 07, Part 04):


Contents

๐Ÿ“˜ Day 07 Part 04 โ€“ Discrete Mathematics for GATE 2025

๐Ÿงฎ Topic: Bipartite Graph and Its Concept


โœ… What is a Bipartite Graph?

A bipartite graph is a type of graph where:

  • Vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets:
    UU and VV

  • Every edge connects a vertex from set UU to a vertex in set VV
    (i.e., no edge exists between vertices within the same set)


๐Ÿงฉ Formal Definition:

A graph G=(V,E)G = (V, E) is bipartite if:
There exists a partition V=V1โˆชV2V = V_1 \cup V_2 such that for every edge (u,v)โˆˆE(u, v) \in E,
either uโˆˆV1u \in V_1 and vโˆˆV2v \in V_2, or vice versa.


๐ŸŽฏ Key Properties:

  • A graph is bipartite if and only if it does not contain any odd-length cycles.

  • Bipartite graphs are 2-colorable, meaning you can color vertices with two colors such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.


๐Ÿง  How to Check if a Graph is Bipartite (GATE Tip):

Use Breadth-First Search (BFS) or Depth-First Search (DFS):

  • Try to color the graph using two colors.

  • If at any point, two adjacent vertices have the same color โ†’ not bipartite.


๐Ÿงฎ Example:

Letโ€™s take a graph with vertices:
V={A,B,C,D}V = \{A, B, C, D\} and edges:
E={(A,B),(A,D),(C,B),(C,D)}E = \{(A,B), (A,D), (C,B), (C,D)\}

Partition:
V1={A,C}V_1 = \{A, C\}, V2={B,D}V_2 = \{B, D\}

All edges go from V1โ†’V2V_1 \to V_2 โ†’ โœ… Bipartite


๐Ÿ“Œ Applications in GATE:

  • Matching Problems (e.g., job assignment)

  • Scheduling

  • Network flow algorithms

  • DFS/BFS traversal-based MCQs


๐Ÿ“– Practice Question (GATE Style):

Which of the following graphs is bipartite?
A) A triangle (3-cycle)
B) A square (4-cycle)
C) A star graph
D) A complete graph K3K_3

Answer: B and C (A triangle has an odd cycle, so it’s not bipartite)


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Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.

Lecture 4: Bipartite graphs, and some other common graphs

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