Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.
Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.
Hereโs a clear and concise explanation of the Bipartite Graph concept from Discrete Mathematics, tailored for GATE 2025 preparation (Day 07, Part 04):
Contents
- 1 ๐ Day 07 Part 04 โ Discrete Mathematics for GATE 2025
- 1.1 ๐งฎ Topic: Bipartite Graph and Its Concept
- 1.2 โ What is a Bipartite Graph?
- 1.3 ๐งฉ Formal Definition:
- 1.4 ๐ฏ Key Properties:
- 1.5 ๐ง How to Check if a Graph is Bipartite (GATE Tip):
- 1.6 ๐งฎ Example:
- 1.7 ๐ Applications in GATE:
- 1.8 ๐ Practice Question (GATE Style):
- 1.9 Day 07Part 04 – Discrete Mathematics for Gate 2025 Bipartite graph and it’s Concept.
- 1.10 Lecture 4: Bipartite graphs, and some other common graphs
๐ Day 07 Part 04 โ Discrete Mathematics for GATE 2025
๐งฎ Topic: Bipartite Graph and Its Concept
โ What is a Bipartite Graph?
A bipartite graph is a type of graph where:
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Vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets:
UU and VV -
Every edge connects a vertex from set UU to a vertex in set VV
(i.e., no edge exists between vertices within the same set)
๐งฉ Formal Definition:
A graph G=(V,E)G = (V, E) is bipartite if:
There exists a partition V=V1โชV2V = V_1 \cup V_2 such that for every edge (u,v)โE(u, v) \in E,
either uโV1u \in V_1 and vโV2v \in V_2, or vice versa.
๐ฏ Key Properties:
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A graph is bipartite if and only if it does not contain any odd-length cycles.
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Bipartite graphs are 2-colorable, meaning you can color vertices with two colors such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.
๐ง How to Check if a Graph is Bipartite (GATE Tip):
Use Breadth-First Search (BFS) or Depth-First Search (DFS):
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Try to color the graph using two colors.
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If at any point, two adjacent vertices have the same color โ not bipartite.
๐งฎ Example:
Letโs take a graph with vertices:
V={A,B,C,D}V = \{A, B, C, D\} and edges:
E={(A,B),(A,D),(C,B),(C,D)}E = \{(A,B), (A,D), (C,B), (C,D)\}
Partition:
V1={A,C}V_1 = \{A, C\}, V2={B,D}V_2 = \{B, D\}
All edges go from V1โV2V_1 \to V_2 โ โ Bipartite
๐ Applications in GATE:
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Matching Problems (e.g., job assignment)
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Scheduling
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Network flow algorithms
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DFS/BFS traversal-based MCQs
๐ Practice Question (GATE Style):
Which of the following graphs is bipartite?
A) A triangle (3-cycle)
B) A square (4-cycle)
C) A star graph
D) A complete graph K3K_3
Answer: B and C (A triangle has an odd cycle, so it’s not bipartite)
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