Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

Operating System – Process States (GATE CSE) | Day 01 Part 10

What is a Process?

A process is a program in execution. It is an active entity, unlike a program, which is a passive collection of instructions.

 Process States in Operating Systems:

An operating system handles multiple processes by tracking their states. These states help manage and control the execution of processes effectively.

1. New:

• The process is being created.
• It is not yet ready to execute.

2. Ready:

• The process is ready to execute and waiting for CPU time.
• It is in the queue for CPU allocation.

3. Running:

• The process is currently executing on the CPU.
• Only one process can be in this state on a single-core CPU.

4. Blocked/Waiting:

• The process is waiting for an event to occur, like I/O completion.
• It cannot continue until the event happens.

5. Terminated/Exit:

• The process has completed its execution or has been terminated by the OS.
• It is now removed from the system.

Process State Transition Diagram:

New
|
v
Ready <----> Running
| |
v v
Blocked/Waiting Terminated

 Important Transitions Explained:

1. New → Ready: Process created, ready to execute.
2. Ready → Running: Scheduler selects the process for execution.
3. Running → Blocked: Waiting for I/O or resources.
4. Blocked → Ready: I/O completed; ready to resume.
5. Running → Ready: Preempted by the scheduler (due to time slice completion).
6. Running → Terminated: Process completed or terminated.

GATE Exam Key Points:

• Focus on the state transition diagram.
• Understand the difference between Blocked and Ready states.
• Be clear about preemptive vs. non-preemptive scheduling.

Sample GATE Question:

Q. In a multi-programming environment, if a running process is performing an I/O operation, its state is changed to:
(A) Ready
(B) Running
(C) Blocked/Waiting
(D) Terminated

Answer: (C) Blocked/Waiting

 Tip: Practice previous GATE questions on process management for better understanding. If you need more detailed explanations or help with problems, just ask!

Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

OPERATING SYSTEMS LECTURE NOTES MALLA …

OPERATING SYSTEM

Sure! Here’s a Day 01 – Part 10 style explanation from a GATE CSE lecture on Operating System Process States, explained in a simple and beginner-friendly way.

Operating System – Process States (Simplified Explanation)

What is a Process?

A process is a program in execution.
When you run any program (like a browser, game, or calculator), it becomes a process.

5 Main Process States in Operating System

Let’s understand it like a life cycle of a process:

1. New

• The process is being created.

• Example: You clicked on a program icon, and it’s just loading.

2. Ready

• Process is loaded into memory and is waiting for CPU.

• It’s ready to run but hasn’t got the CPU yet.

• Think of it as standing in a queue.

3. Running

• The process is currently being executed by the CPU.

• Only one process (in a single-core system) can be in running state at a time.

4. Waiting (or Blocked)

• The process is waiting for some I/O (input/output), like reading from disk or user input.

• It gives up the CPU voluntarily and will return to ready once the I/O is done.

5. Terminated (or Exit)

• The process has finished execution or is killed due to some error.

• It leaves the process table.

Extra State (optional): Suspended

Some systems also include:

• Ready Suspended

• Blocked Suspended

These are used when the OS moves a process from memory to disk (to free up space), but it’s not dead.

Visual Diagram: Process State Transition

Example to Understand Easily:

Imagine you’re ordering food at a restaurant:

• New: You just entered and got the menu.

• Ready: You’re waiting for the waiter to take your order.

• Running: Waiter is now serving you.

• Waiting: You’re waiting for food to cook (kitchen is I/O).

• Terminated: You ate and left.

Summary Table:

Would you like:

• A PDF note or diagram of this?

• GATE-level MCQs on Process States?

• YouTube lecture in Hindi/English?

Let me know!

Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

Operating Systems UNIT-1