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Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

Lui Kreyszig Lui Kreyszig

Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

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Operating System – Process States (GATE CSE) | Day 01 Part 10

What is a Process?

A process is a program in execution. It is an active entity, unlike a program, which is a passive collection of instructions.

 Process States in Operating Systems:

An operating system handles multiple processes by tracking their states. These states help manage and control the execution of processes effectively.

1. New:

2. Ready:

3. Running:

4. Blocked/Waiting:

5. Terminated/Exit:

Process State Transition Diagram:

New
|
v
Ready <----> Running
| |
v v
Blocked/Waiting Terminated

 Important Transitions Explained:

  1. New → Ready: Process created, ready to execute.
  2. Ready → Running: Scheduler selects the process for execution.
  3. Running → Blocked: Waiting for I/O or resources.
  4. Blocked → Ready: I/O completed; ready to resume.
  5. Running → Ready: Preempted by the scheduler (due to time slice completion).
  6. Running → Terminated: Process completed or terminated.

GATE Exam Key Points:

Sample GATE Question:

Q. In a multi-programming environment, if a running process is performing an I/O operation, its state is changed to:
(A) Ready
(B) Running
(C) Blocked/Waiting
(D) Terminated

Answer: (C) Blocked/Waiting

 Tip: Practice previous GATE questions on process management for better understanding. If you need more detailed explanations or help with problems, just ask!

Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

OPERATING SYSTEMS LECTURE NOTES MALLA …

OPERATING SYSTEM

Sure! Here’s a Day 01 – Part 10 style explanation from a GATE CSE lecture on Operating System Process States, explained in a simple and beginner-friendly way.

Operating System – Process States (Simplified Explanation)

What is a Process?

A process is a program in execution.
When you run any program (like a browser, game, or calculator), it becomes a process.

5 Main Process States in Operating System

Let’s understand it like a life cycle of a process:

1. New

2. Ready

3. Running

4. Waiting (or Blocked)

5. Terminated (or Exit)

Extra State (optional): Suspended

Some systems also include:

These are used when the OS moves a process from memory to disk (to free up space), but it’s not dead.

Visual Diagram: Process State Transition

plaintext
+---------+
| New |
+---------+
|
v
+---------+
| Ready |<-----------------------------+
+---------+ |
| |
v |
+---------+ |
| Running | |
+---------+ |
/ \ |
/ \ |
v v |
+--------+ +---------+ |
| Waiting| | Terminated| |
+--------+ +----------+ |
^ |
|----------------------------------------+

Example to Understand Easily:

Imagine you’re ordering food at a restaurant:

Summary Table:

State Meaning
New Process is being created
Ready Waiting to be assigned to the CPU
Running CPU is executing instructions
Waiting Waiting for I/O to complete
Terminated Process has finished or been terminated

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Day 01Part 10-Gate lecture of Operating system for cse – Operating system Process state in simple way

Operating Systems UNIT-1