CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUND – OPEN CHAIN COMPOUND – CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ITS TYPE.

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUND – OPEN CHAIN COMPOUND – CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ITS TYPE.

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Here’s a clear explanation of the Classification of Organic Compounds, focusing on Open Chain Compounds and Cyclic Compounds, along with their types:

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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Organic compounds are primarily classified based on the arrangement of their carbon atoms into:

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1⃣ OPEN CHAIN COMPOUNDS (Acyclic Compounds)

These compounds contain straight or branched chains of carbon atoms.
They do not form any rings.

Examples:

• Straight Chain:

  • Methane: CH₄

  • Propane: CH₃–CH₂–CH₃

• Branched Chain:

  • Isobutane:
    CH₃–CH(CH₃)–CH₃

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2⃣ CYCLIC COMPOUNDS (Closed Chain Compounds)

These contain carbon atoms arranged in rings.
They are further classified into two major types:

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A. Homocyclic (Carbocyclic) Compounds

Ring contains only carbon atoms.

➤ (i) Alicyclic Compounds

• Resemble aliphatic compounds in behavior.

• Ring of carbon atoms only, non-aromatic.

Examples:

• Cyclopropane (C₃H₆)

• Cyclobutane (C₄H₈)

➤ (ii) Aromatic Compounds

• Contain conjugated π-electrons in ring.

• Follow Hückel’s rule: (4n + 2) π electrons.

Examples:

• Benzene (C₆H₆)

• Naphthalene (C₁₀H₈)

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B. Heterocyclic Compounds

Ring contains carbon atoms + other atoms (like O, N, S)

Examples:

• Furan (O in ring)

• Pyridine (N in ring)

• Thiophene (S in ring)

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Summary Chart:

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Tips to Remember:

• “Alicyclic” = Aliphatic + Cyclic

• “Aromatic” = Smells + Special stability (resonance)

• “Heterocyclic” = Hetero (different) atoms in ring

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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUND – OPEN CHAIN COMPOUND – CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ITS TYPE.

Organic chemistry – sOme Basic PrinciPles and Techniques

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds