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Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields- Type of Charges – Positive and Negative part-3

Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields- Type of Charges – Positive and Negative part-3

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Here’s a clear and student-friendly explanation of Class 12th Physics – Chapter: Electric Charges and Fields, focusing on “Types of Charges – Positive and Negative” (Part-3). Perfect for CBSE, NEET, and state board students.


Electric Charges – Part 3: Types of Charges (Positive and Negative)

What is Electric Charge?

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter responsible for electric force interactions. It comes in two types:


Types of Charges

Type of Charge Symbol Examples
Positive + Protons, glass rubbed with silk
Negative Electrons, ebonite rubbed with fur

How are Charges Produced?

Charges are produced by friction, conduction, or induction.

Example:


Like Charges and Unlike Charges

Interaction Behavior
Like charges Repel each other (e.g., + vs + or – vs –)
Unlike charges Attract each other (e.g., + vs –)

Example Activity:
Bring a charged plastic comb near tiny paper pieces – they get attracted due to charge interaction.


Important Points


Real-Life Examples

Situation Charge Involved
Lightning Negative charge builds in clouds
Static electricity Rubbing clothes, combing hair
Photocopier machine Uses static charges to attract toner

Diagram Idea (You can draw for notes)

Glass Rod (+)         Silk Cloth (–)
    ↓                         ↓
Loses electrons       Gains electrons

Ebonite Rod (–)        Fur (+)
    ↓                         ↓
Gains electrons       Loses electrons

Tip for Exams:

“Charge is always conserved and quantized” – always include this in theory answers.
Use proper SI units: Charge (Coulombs), Elementary Charge (e).


For Practice:


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