Change Direct into Indirect Speech Special Rules Part 1of Oxford Grammar by R.k Sinha

इसे एक Examples से समझे ।1. He said to me, ” Are you ill. “

सबसे पहले inverted comma के अंदर जो   interrogative sentence हैं उसे Assertive sentence में बदलेंगे ।

1. He said to me, ” you are ill. ”

अब यह Assertive form मे है, और अब इसे Indirect Speech मे Change करेंगे ।

1. He asked me if i was ill.

Oxford Current English Grammar Exercise 79 Solution – Direct to Indirect Speech Changing Special Rules – 1.

Change interrogative sentences into indirect speech Special Rules

1. He said to me, ” Are you poor ? ”
He asked me if i was poor.

2. She said to me, ” Am i not helping to you ? ”
She asked me if she was not helping to me.

3. She said to me, ” were you busy ? ”
She asked me if i had been busy.

4. He said to her, ” was i not helping you ?
He asked her if he had been not helping her.

5. Ram said to me, ” Are you going today ? ”
Ram asked me if i was going that day.

6. The boy said to his mother, ” Have you sweets for me ? ”
The boy asked his mother if she had sweets for him.

7. He said to his friend, ” have i vexed you ? ”
He asked his friend if he had vexed him.

8. He said to the farmers, ” have you enough money to buy sweets ? ”
He asked the farmers if they had enough money to buy sweets.

9. He said to me, ” had you not gone there ? ”
He asked me if i had not gone there.

10. ” Can you break this lock ? ” The girl said to him.
The girl asked him if he could break that lock.

11. He said to me, ” should you do this ? ”
He asked me if i should do that.

12. ” Have you written the letter ? ” He asked me.
He asked me if i had written the letter.

13. He said to his mother, ” will you give me money ? ”
He asked his mother if she would give him money.

14. He said to me, ” will you not go to patna ? ”
He asked me if i should not go to patna.

15. He said to her, ” do you know my father ? ”
He asked her if she knew his father.

16. He said, ” don’t you play football ? ”
He asked me if i didn’t play football.

17. She said, ” does he help you ? ”
She asked me if he helped  me.

18. They asked me, ” doesn’t Ram read in your school ? ”
They asked me if Ram didn’t read in my school.

19. He said, ” did he come ? ”
He said if he had come.

20. She said to me, ” did you not like my sister ? ”
She asked me if i had not liked her sister.

21. He said to the boys, ” didn’t you make a noise in the class ? ”
He asked the boys if they hadn’t made a noise in the class.

22. He said to her, ” do you think it may rain today ? ”
He asked her if she thought it might rain that day.

23. ” Do you think i shall help you ? ” She said to me.
She asked me if i thought she would help me.

24. He said to me, ” is it clear to you ? ”
He asked me if it was clear to me.

How to change w.h word question into indirect speech and it’s Rules, Examples & Exercise Solution.

Change w.h word question into indirect speech.

Note : यदि Inverted Comma के अंदर W.h Word Question Sentences रहे । तो फिर निम्नलिखित प्रकार से direct speech को indirect speech मे change करते हैं ।

1. Reporting Verb ( say, said ) को ( ask, asked ) मे बदल देते हैं ।

2. Reporting Verb के बाद प्रयुक्त to को हटा देते हैं ।

3. Inverted Commas के स्थान पर W.h Word को लिखते हैं ।  और फिर Interrogative Sentences को Assertive Sentence मे बदल देते हैं । और फिर पुनः पूरे वाक्य को Indirect Speech मे Change कर देते हैं ।

Interrogative                          Assertive

Where do you live ?                  Where you live.
Why don’t you play ?         Why you don’t play.
When did he come ?                  When he came.
How shall i go ?                            How i shall go.
How much do you eat ?     How much you eat.
What is your name ?         What your name is.
Who are you ?                                Who you are.
Who will go ?                                   Who will go.
Who helps her ?                         Who helps her.
Who can do this ?                   Who can do this.
Who killed the bird ?       Who killed the bird.
Who has beaten you ?     Who has beaten you.
Why didn’t she dance ? Why she didn’t dance.
How many boys will come ?  How many boys will come.
What was the name of your father ? What the name of your father was.

Oxford Current English Grammar Exercise 80 full Solution and Change w.h word question into indirect speech.

How to chang Direct to Indirect Speech

1. He said to me, ” Why do you vex me ? ”
He asked me why i vexed him.

2. He said to me, ” Why don’t you do as i command ? ”
He asked me why i didn’t do as he commanded.

3. She said, ” What does Ram do ? ”
She asked what Ram did.

4. He said, ” Why does he not respect you ? ”
He asked me why he didn’t respect me.

5. He said to his brother, ” Why did you go there ? ”
He asked his brother why he had gone there.

6. i said to my friends, ” Why didn’t you appear at the examination ? ”
i asked my friends why they hadn’t appeared at the examination.

7. The boys said to the old woman, ” Why are you sad ? ”
The boys asked the old woman why she was sad.

8. The teacher said to us, ” Why were you absent ? ”
The teacher asked us why we had been absent.

9. He said to mohan, ” What are you interesting in ? ”
He asked mohan what he was interesting in.

10. She said, ” When is your mother coming ? ”
She asked me when my mother was coming.

11. Ali said to me, ” How were you preparing for the examination ? ”
Ali asked me how i had been preparing for the examination.

12. She said to me, ” Why have you no time for me ? ”
She asked me why i had no time for her.

13. She said to me, ” Why have you wanted to meet my father ? ”
She asked me why i had wanted to meet her father.

14. She said to her, ” When had he done the job ? ”
She asked her when he had done the job.

15. He said to her, ” When will you give me your notebook ? ”
He asked her when she would give him her notebook.

16. He said to the travellers, ” What can i do for you ? ”
He asked the travellers what he could do for them.

17. He asked, ” Why should i help you ? ”
He asked me why he should help me.

18. He said to me, ” What is your father’s name ? ”
He asked me what my father’s name was.

19. She asked, ” What is your mother ? ”
She asked me what my mother was.

21. He said, ” Who disturbs you ? ”
He asked me who disturbed me.

22. She said, ” Who can cheat you ? ”
She asked me who could cheat me.

23. They said to me, ” Who is helping you ? ”
They asked me who was helping me.

24. He asked, ” Who killed your dog ? ”
He asked me who had killed my dog.

26. He asid, ” How much money can you give me for the service i have done to you ? ”
He asked me how much money i could give him for the service he had done to me.

27. He said to me, ” How many cows have you ? ”
He asked me how many cows i had.

28. They said, ” Who will save us ? ”
They asked who would save them.

30. ” Why do you think it may be dangerous ? ” i asked her.
i asked her why she thought it might be dangerous.

31. ” How many sleeping pills have you taken ? ” said the doctor.
The doctor asked me how many sleeping pills i had taken.

32. ” Why should i help you when you don’t care for me ? ” asked he.
He asked me why he should help me when i didn’t care for him.

33. He asked, ” Which team won the match ? ”
He asked which team had won the match.

34. He asked the stranger, ” What are you and where are you coming from ? ”
He asked the stranger what he was and where he was coming from.

35. He said, ” which country do you live in ? ”
He asked me which country i lived in.

36. He said to me, ” What will you do ? ”
He asked me what i would do.

37. He said, ” What will save us ? ”
He asked what would save them.

38. He said to me, ” What is wrong with it ? ”
He asked me what was wrong with it.

39. He said, ” What is main problem here ? ”
He asked what the main problem was here.

40. He said, ” What is this ? ”
He asked what that was.

41. He said, ” What happened ? ”
He asked what had happened.

Sure! Below is a summary of the Special Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, based on Oxford Grammar by R.K. Sinha.

1. Change of Pronouns

When converting direct speech into indirect speech, pronouns are changed according to the person speaking, the person spoken to, and the person spoken about.

• Example:
  • Direct: She said, “I will help you.”
  • Indirect: She said that she would help me.

Here, the pronoun “I” changes to “she” and “you” changes to “me” based on the context.

2. Change of Tenses

The tense of the reported speech generally shifts one step backward. However, if the reporting verb is in the present, future, or future perfect, the tense in the direct speech usually remains the same.

General Tense Changes:

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
• Will → Would
• Shall → Should
• Can → Could
• May → Might

Example:

• Direct: He says, “I work every day.”

• Indirect: He says that he works every day. (No change because the reporting verb is in the present)

• Direct: She said, “I am reading a book.”

• Indirect: She said that she was reading a book. (Tense changes to past continuous)

3. No Change in Tense if Reporting Verb is in Present/Future

If the reporting verb is in the present or future, the tense in the reported speech does not change.

• Direct: He says, “I will help you with this task.”

• Indirect: He says that he will help me with this task. (No change in tense because the reporting verb “says” is in the present)

• Direct: He will say, “I will attend the meeting tomorrow.”

• Indirect: He will say that he will attend the meeting tomorrow. (No change because the reporting verb is in the future tense)

4. Change of Time Expressions

Time expressions often need to be modified when converting direct speech into indirect speech. Some of the common time expressions and their corresponding changes are:

• Now → Then
• Today → That day
• Tomorrow → The next day / The following day
• Yesterday → The previous day / The day before
• Ago → Before
• Here → There
• This → That
• These → Those

Example:

• Direct: She said, “I will finish it tomorrow.”
• Indirect: She said that she would finish it the next day.

5. Change of the Reporting Verb

The reporting verb may need to be changed to reflect the nature of the speech.

• Said to → Told (when there is an object, i.e., the person spoken to).
• Said (without “to”) is used in indirect speech when there is no direct object.

Examples:

• Direct: He said to me, “Please help me.”

• Indirect: He told me to help him.

• Direct: She said, “I am feeling unwell.”

• Indirect: She said that she was feeling unwell.

6. Questions

In yes/no questions, we use if or whether for indirect speech. The word order also changes from the question form to a statement form.

Yes/No Questions:

• Direct: “Do you like coffee?” he asked.
• Indirect: He asked if I liked coffee.

Wh-Questions:

When the question starts with a wh-word (what, when, where, why, etc.), that word is retained in the indirect speech.

• Direct: “Where are you going?” she asked.
• Indirect: She asked where I was going.

7. Imperative Sentences

In imperative sentences (commands, requests, suggestions), the reporting verb changes to told, asked, advised, requested, etc. The structure in indirect speech becomes an infinitive form.

• Direct: “Sit down,” he said.

• Indirect: He told me to sit down.

• Direct: “Please come to my office,” she requested.

• Indirect: She requested me to come to her office.

8. Exclamatory Sentences

In exclamatory sentences, we use exclaimed or cried as reporting verbs and often use how or what in the indirect speech, depending on the context.

• Direct: “What a beautiful painting!” she exclaimed.

• Indirect: She exclaimed that it was a very beautiful painting.

• Direct: “How clever you are!” he said.

• Indirect: He exclaimed how clever I was.

Summary of Key Changes

Conclusion

By following these special rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, you can accurately report what someone has said while adjusting for grammatical structure, tense, and pronouns. The key lies in paying attention to the context and making appropriate changes in the speech.

Would you like more detailed examples or further clarification on any specific point? Let me know!