Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields- Type of Charges – Positive and Negative part-3

Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields- Type of Charges – Positive and Negative part-3

Here’s a clear and student-friendly explanation of Class 12th Physics – Chapter: Electric Charges and Fields, focusing on “Types of Charges – Positive and Negative” (Part-3). Perfect for CBSE, NEET, and state board students.

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⚡ Electric Charges – Part 3: Types of Charges (Positive and Negative)

🔹 What is Electric Charge?

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter responsible for electric force interactions. It comes in two types:

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✅ Types of Charges

Type of Charge	Symbol	Examples
Positive	+	Protons, glass rubbed with silk
Negative	–	Electrons, ebonite rubbed with fur

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🔁 How are Charges Produced?

Charges are produced by friction, conduction, or induction.

Example:

• When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the glass rod loses electrons → becomes positively charged.
• When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the ebonite gains electrons → becomes negatively charged.

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🧲 Like Charges and Unlike Charges

Interaction	Behavior
Like charges	Repel each other (e.g., + vs + or – vs –)
Unlike charges	Attract each other (e.g., + vs –)

🧪 Example Activity:
Bring a charged plastic comb near tiny paper pieces – they get attracted due to charge interaction.

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🧠 Important Points

• Charge is quantized: q=±neq = \pm ne, where e=1.6×10−19 Ce = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, C
• Charge is conserved: It can neither be created nor destroyed.
• Charge is transferable: By rubbing or contact.
• Charges reside on the surface of conductors.

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⚙️ Real-Life Examples

Situation	Charge Involved
Lightning	Negative charge builds in clouds
Static electricity	Rubbing clothes, combing hair
Photocopier machine	Uses static charges to attract toner

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📌 Diagram Idea (You can draw for notes)

Glass Rod (+)         Silk Cloth (–)
    ↓                         ↓
Loses electrons       Gains electrons

Ebonite Rod (–)        Fur (+)
    ↓                         ↓
Gains electrons       Loses electrons

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🎓 Tip for Exams:

🔹 “Charge is always conserved and quantized” – always include this in theory answers.
🔹 Use proper SI units: Charge (Coulombs), Elementary Charge (e).

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📚 For Practice:

• Q1: What happens when a positively charged object touches a neutral object?
• Q2: Why does a charged balloon stick to a wall?

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Would you like:

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Class 12th Physics-Electric Charges and Fields- Type of Charges – Positive and Negative part-3

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